global energy mix today and in the future. It focuses on the estimates of technically recoverable resources (TRR) of tight gas around the world.
Natural gas plays a very important role in the hydrocarbon value chain and represents 21% in the global primary energy mix in 2013. It is expected to rise to 22% in 2020 and 24% in 2040 (World Energy Council (WEC),2016, p.58).
In the context of Brazil, there is a certain difference regarding the amount of conventional gas and shale gas. There are 226 TCF of non-conventional gas in Brazil. Total resources of shale gas are 434 TCF. This includes 64 TCF of Bacia do Parnaíba, 124 TCF in Bacia dos Parecis, 20 TCF in Bacia do Recôncavo and 226 TCF in Bacia do Paraná. Regarding the resources of technically recoverable shale gas, Brazil ranked in 10 with 245 TCF of shale gas. As suggested by Melikoglu (2014), this country has advanced with the discovery of pre-salt oils in billions of barrels in amount. The country has also imported LNG of liquefied natural gas in order to process gas in two plants. The amount of imported LNG has reached at 8.6 million cubic meters for each day regarding the statistics of 2012. It also expected to have a giant growth in the future as planned to reach at 10 million for the very next day. As suggested by ANP, national gas and oil regulator of the country is expecting to have 414 trillion cubic meter resources of recoverable shale gas from Parana, Amazonas basins and Solimoes. This will also assist the nation to maintain the 10th position regarding the resources of shale gas. As stated by EPE (Energy research Co.) Brazil could produce 3 million cubic meters of fossil fuel in a day by 2026 if investment appears in the activities of unconventional gas.
Authorities of Algeria have suggested Sonatrach, the giant in oil industry to start exploration of shale gas once again. The oil company has announced their plans to invest $70bn for next two decades and aiming to produce shale gas in amount of 20 billion cubic meters in every year from the drill sites. They have drilled 200 sites regarding this context (news24.com 2018). A mixture of highly pressured water, chemicals and sand has been blasted in order to release trapped hydrocarbons between the rock layers under the ground. This is familiar as hydraulic fracturing technology which may contaminate the water under the ground. This is even responsible for small earthquakes. Based on the reserve shale gas, Algeria is intending to capture the fourth place in this rank and this will facilitate the country with $31 billion as estimated for 2017.
Egypt is considered as the third largest producer of natural gas in Africa. This nation, as mentioned by BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017, possesses 65 TCF of natural gas resources. As the government of the country offers minimum price which creates difficulty regarding attraction for investment in order to develop the new projects in this context. Hence, the country has faced a quick reduction regarding the production of natural gas. It has reduced to 4.1 BCF per day in 2016 from 5.9 BCF per day in 2011. Several new projects of gas have been introduced in next five years aiming towards the development of growth of the production of the gas.
ACOLA (Australian Council of Learned Academies) has stated that there are more than 1000 trillion cubic feet recoverable shale gas in Australia regarding the statistics of 2013. Different areas had held the significant amount of shale gas. As opined by Vidic et al. (2013), this includes Northern South Australia, Western Queensland, The Northern Territory and Western Australia. Application of modern technologies has influenced the production of gas from reserves in more effective and efficient way. Along with the shale gas, there is 819 TCF of known resources of gas and further discoveries are going on. In the year 2013, Australia has exported 1.1 TCF whereas the country economy consumed 1.1 TCF gas.
TRR of tight gas in European countries
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